Spina Bifida Research Paper free essay sample

A type of birth defect that affects the skeletal system is Spina Bifida. Spina Bifida is a nueral tube defect that occurs when the bones of the spine or the vertebrae do not form accurately around the spinal cord. In severe cases it can inhibit a persons walking or daily activities. There are three basic forms of Spina Bifida. The mildest form is Occulta, the next would be Meningocele and the most severe is Myelomeningocele. (http://www. uptodate. com/contents/overview-of-the-management-of-myelomeningocele-spina-bifida 2012) Myelomeningocele is the case that affects the skeletal system the most. With this, the nerves in the spine protrude out of the spinal canal and a bulge in the skin may appear. If nerves become damaged, there may be a high chance that there could be problems with walking, coordination and bowel and bladder control. The exact cause of Spina Bifida is not known. (Foti 2012) Some say that it could be genetic and is more likely to happen in women that are obese and have diabetes. We will write a custom essay sample on Spina Bifida Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Symptoms that may indicate that a child has Spina Bifida, include, a curve in the spine, nerves coming out of the back and swelling of the spine. Also, the child will have nerve damage, which can mean that they will have little or no feeling in the legs, feet and or arms. (http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/spina-bifida/DS00417 2012) Another indicator could be a build up of fluid in the brain. Spinal deformity occurs most frequently in patients with Myelomeningocele. It can manifest as kyphosis, scoliosis or lordosis. Most children diagnosed with Spina Bifida also have an allergy to latex. (http://www. everydayhealth. com/health-center/spina-bifida-symptoms. aspx 2012) The diagnosis for Spina Bifida is usually determined by a blood test that a woman has during pregnancy. Most people find out that their child has this defect before he or she is born. If it is not determined before birth, it may be diagnosed by how the baby’s back looks and as they get to the pint of where they should start crawling and standing. You will be able to notice how the weekness in the muscle and bones are. Children that are born wih Spina Bifida may also have mental disabilities as well because it affects the brain just as much as it affects the spine and nerves. (http://www. spinabifidaassociation. org/site/c. evKRI7OXIoJ8H/b. 8029563/k. 83B2/ Spina Bifida Research Paper free essay sample Spina Bifida is one of the most common birth defects in the world. According to N. Scott Adzick, MD, and other members of CHOPs Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment team, it occurs when the spinal cord does not properly close before birth. That means that the spinal cord is exposed to amniotic fluid during fetal life. Amniotic fluid is the watery fluid within the innermost membrane that encloses the embryo and surrounds the fetus throughout pregnancy. Amniotic fluid is also what cushions the fetus protecting it from injury, providing freedom of fetal movements, helping maintain the fetal oxygen supply and helping stabilize temperature. The composition of the fluid changes over the course of gestation. Initially, amniotic fluid is similar to maternal plasma. In addition to providing the fetus with physical protection, as the fetus develops, phospholipids originating from the lungs, fetal cells, and urine are deposited in this fluid. We will write a custom essay sample on Spina Bifida Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Amniotic fluid itself is clear. Diana Farmer, MD, Division Chief of UCSF Pediatric Surgery and Professor of Clinical Surgery for the UCSF Fetal Treatment Center says â€Å"We know that exposure to amniotic fluid can cause further damage to the spinal cord. So our goal is to try to treat these fetuses before birth so that we can improve the outcome for babies with Spina Bifida. † Spina bifida is the most common debilitating birth defect in the United States, affecting more than 3,000 families each year. Myelomeningocele is a birth defect in which the backbone and spinal canal do not close before birth. The condition is a type of Spina bifida. Normally, during the first month of a pregnancy, the two sides of the spine (or backbone) join together to cover the spinal cord, spinal nerves and meninges (the tissues covering the spinal cord). Spina bifida refers to any birth defect involving incomplete closure of the spine. Myelomeningocele is the most common type of Spina Bifida. It is a neural tube defect in which the bones of the spine do not completely form, resulting in an incomplete spinal canal. This causes the spinal cord and meninges (the tissues covering the spinal cord) to stick out of the childs back. Spina bifida is a birth defect that involves the incomplete development of the spinal cord or its coverings. The term Spina Bifida comes from Latin and literally means split or open spine. The first stages of Spina Bifida occur in the first two to three weeks after conception, before the mother knows she is pregnant. The defect can occur anywhere along the length of the spine, but most commonly occurs in the lower back. The severity of the defect varies greatly from one individual to another ranging from no noticeable impact to severe paralysis and loss of sensation. Lesions higher in the spinal column result in more weakness of the trunk and possibly the arms as well as the legs. Because the nerves that control the valve and bladder are located on the lowest part of the spine the function of those organs will likely be compromised in all clinically significant cases. Myelomeningocele the most common type of Spina bifida presents as a sac of exposed menages of spinal cord membrane is coverings frequently containing parts of the spinal cord and the nerves attached to it. When a baby is born with this condition it is critical to surgically repair the defect and cover the lesion with skin within the first twenty-four to seventy-two hours after birth to prevent infection in the nervous system and further nerve damage. Eighty percent of children born with Myelomeningocele will also have hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus occurs when the cerebral spinal fluid is obstructed or blocked and then pressure from that fluid may build in the ventricular system causing the brain and skull to expand. It is typically treated by a surgical insertion of a shunt to allow the fluid to flow out from the brain. It is important to know that each child born with Spina Bifida is unique and will have different degrees of clinical symptoms and functional limitations. With the appropriate medical, rehabilitation, guidance, and encouragement many individuals with Spina Bifida may live productive and fulfilling lives. Work cited â€Å"Success of Spina Bifida: Study Opens Fetal Surgery Door† The New York Times 9 February. 2011. Search Health. Pam Belluck. July 22, 2012.

Free Essays on Research On Paralegal Case

MEMORANDUM INTRODUCTION You have asked me to determine whether our client Diana Lewis committed unauthorized practice of law by providing her services. I have done research on statutes and cases. This memorandum will address the issue of this case, California Bar’s claim, and Ms. Lewis’s possible defense. STATEMENT OF FACTS In May 2001, Diana Lewis earned her Associate of Art degree and Paralegal Certificate from City College of San Francisco. In June 2001, Ms. Lewis opened her business to prepare legal paperwork for clients involved in uncontested divorces. She advertises her business in the Daily Journal and the Recorder. She charges no more than $75 for the complete package of paperwork and has assisted 25 clients to date. Because Ms. Lewis’s clients are not familiar with the legal terminology and some of them are illiterate, Ms. Lewis is compelled to ask questions and hold conferences with them. The day before the client’s court hearing, Ms. Lewis meets with her client to discuss what he or she can expect during the hearing. Ms. Lewis does not accompany the client to the hearing. Diana Lewis has been charged by the California Bar with unauthorized practice of law. ISSUE Did Ms. Lewis practice law when she provided such legal document service? BRIEF ANSWER No. California Bar could make a case that Ms. Lewis gave legal advice. But when she helped her clients with â€Å"uncontested† divorce document, she did not give specific advice by which the client’s particular legal rights were secured. She simply helped interpret instructions on preparing the general legal forms at her clients’ request. Such sales and services are legitimate. DISCUSSION In Cal Bus & Prof Code  § 6125, â€Å"[n]o person shall practice law in California unless the person is an active member of the State Bar.† Diana Lewis dose not have law school education and did not pass California Bar Exams. She is not an active... Free Essays on Research On Paralegal Case Free Essays on Research On Paralegal Case MEMORANDUM INTRODUCTION You have asked me to determine whether our client Diana Lewis committed unauthorized practice of law by providing her services. I have done research on statutes and cases. This memorandum will address the issue of this case, California Bar’s claim, and Ms. Lewis’s possible defense. STATEMENT OF FACTS In May 2001, Diana Lewis earned her Associate of Art degree and Paralegal Certificate from City College of San Francisco. In June 2001, Ms. Lewis opened her business to prepare legal paperwork for clients involved in uncontested divorces. She advertises her business in the Daily Journal and the Recorder. She charges no more than $75 for the complete package of paperwork and has assisted 25 clients to date. Because Ms. Lewis’s clients are not familiar with the legal terminology and some of them are illiterate, Ms. Lewis is compelled to ask questions and hold conferences with them. The day before the client’s court hearing, Ms. Lewis meets with her client to discuss what he or she can expect during the hearing. Ms. Lewis does not accompany the client to the hearing. Diana Lewis has been charged by the California Bar with unauthorized practice of law. ISSUE Did Ms. Lewis practice law when she provided such legal document service? BRIEF ANSWER No. California Bar could make a case that Ms. Lewis gave legal advice. But when she helped her clients with â€Å"uncontested† divorce document, she did not give specific advice by which the client’s particular legal rights were secured. She simply helped interpret instructions on preparing the general legal forms at her clients’ request. Such sales and services are legitimate. DISCUSSION In Cal Bus & Prof Code  § 6125, â€Å"[n]o person shall practice law in California unless the person is an active member of the State Bar.† Diana Lewis dose not have law school education and did not pass California Bar Exams. She is not an active...

Exam 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exam 3 - Assignment Example African-American music is derived from the characteristically polyrhythmic music of Africa’s ethnic groups, in particular those in the Sub-Saharan, Sahelean, and Western regions. African oral traditions encourage the use of music to relay messages, ease suffering, teach lessons, and convey history, which are key features of African-American music. The African pedigree of African-American music is apparent in some common features: Complex multi-part harmony, melisma, the use of falsetto, blue notes, swung notes, improvisation, percussion, syncopation, and call and response (Www.blackartdepot.com). When it comes to music, the use of soprano voices is usually associated with women; it is uniquely ‘female’. Although nowadays a lot of male can come up with soprano in their music, it is still considered feminine. There are a lot of female artists who do this e.g. Beyonce, Mariah Carey etc. Another feature is in film and visual arts, where long hair, weaves, or braided hair are considered uniquely feminine. In a lot of movies, it is the women who have plaited hair. It is a feminine feature, even though; some men have plaited hair in films and movies. 6. Since much of postmodern literature, architecture, and art are considered â€Å"funny,† explain why humor and parody appear so essential to postmodern expression. Provide examples to defend your point of view. When it comes to humor and parody, is the inclination of postmodern culture, theorists, and artists, to be parodic or playful. Certainly, films or shows will frequently step outside of representation that is mimetic all in all so as to make themselves humorous in mid-stride. Hutcheon explained that Parody- often called ironic intertextuality, appropriation, pastiche, or quotation—is frequently regarded as being essential to postmodernism expressions, both by its defenders and detractors. While the vital concern, of